Quantity: 147 wax cylinders, 22 acetate discs, 204 magnetic tapes, 34 cassettes

The materials contained in this series were gathered by Norman B Tindale between the years 1930 and c1990 and form a major part of the Speech and Sound collection of the South Australian Museum (SAM). Included are recordings of:

• Australian Aboriginal songs, stories, and vocabulary
• field interviews
• discussions between Tindale and colleagues
• audio correspondence
• radio interviews and television programmes
• music, social events and lectures delivered by Tindale and others

The recordings were made in various media, including: wax cylinders, acetate discs (78s), and magnetic tapes (reel-to-reel and cassette). Subject to cultural restrictions, copies of the recordings in digital form are available for public access. It should be noted that many of the Aboriginal songs and stories collected by Tindale were only recorded in written form. The written-only recordings can be found in Tindale's field journals (series AA 338/1) and Documentation for speech and sound recordings (series AA 338/12).

The wax cylinder recordings were made between the years 1930-c1954. Most relate to expeditions of the University of Adelaide's Board for Anthropological Research (BAR, see AA 346), of which Tindale was a regular member. In the early 1930s in particular, Tindale often collaborated with EH Davies (AA 71), TD Campbell (AA 52), and HK Fry (AA 105) in producing wax cylinder recordings. Note that not all of the wax cylinders recorded during BAR expeditions have survived.

The acetate disc recordings were made between the years 1932-1949 and are relatively few in number.

The magnetic tape recordings were made between the years 1956-c1990, and they include reel-to-reel magnetic tapes and cassettes. Although Tindale retired from the SAM in October 1965, he continued to pursue his research interests in Australia and in the United States until his death in 1993. The bulk of the magnetic tape recordings, however, relate to research in Australia in the 1960s.

Supporting documentation for the speech and sound recordings is located in a number of places. The most useful sources include Tindale's field journals (series AA 338/1) and song notebooks and related papers (series AA 338/12). Tindale often made transcriptions of songs at the time of recording, or soon after, and also noted contextual information such as the location of recording, biographical details of participants, and aspects of the performance, for example. Summaries of contents in Tindale's hand are found on many of the tape boxes, and these annotations have informed the item descriptions provided below. As mentioned, many songs recorded by Tindale exist in the SAM archive in written form only. Further details may also be found in Tindale's published articles, Alice M Moyle's (1966) A Handlist of Field Collections of Recorded Music in Australia and Torres Strait, and the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register (compiled in 1964, see AA 338/12/4 for a PDF download).

For archival purposes, it is useful to consider this series as comprising three main sections:

1. AA 338/11/1-26
   Recordings made between the years 1930 and 1964 and listed in the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register
2. AA 338/11/27-30
   Recordings made between 1964 and 1966 that are not listed in the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register
3. AA 338/11/31-39
   Recordings considered by Tindale to be his 'personal and study series' of tapes that arrived at the SAM after his death in 1993

Most of the materials contained in AA 338/11/1-26 are listed in the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register, a document compiled by Tindale for research purposes in 1964. The register concentrates on recordings made by Tindale and recordings received by him from correspondents in remote locations, such as Jack Doolan and PM Rice (see AA 632 and AA 267 respectively). Note that it does not list the entire SAM Speech and Sound Collection. The register lists song texts that exist in a variety of formats: some are audio records and some exist merely as transcriptions in the papes of Tindale's journals and notebooks. The registers provides the listed texts with an 'AS' identification number. In many cases, these numbers are included in the item descriptions given below. It is possible to consult the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register and find a link to relevant pages in Tindale's journals where fuller descriptions are often found (see AA 338/12/4). It is also important to note that while the item level descriptions given below draw upon Moyle (1966) and the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register, there are discrepancies between these sources and some revisions have been made for the sake of clarity and accuracy.

The recordings contained in AA 338/11/27-30 do not appear in the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register. They apparently entered the Speech and Sound Collection at the SAM in the 1960s and were not taken by Tindale to the United States. Note that additional material relating to the Yalata (1964-1965) and Musgrave Range (1966) fieldtrips are located in AA 338/11/31-39.

Items contained in AA 338/11/31-39 were considered by Tindale to be his personal and study collection of tapes. The tapes arrived at the SAM in labelled shoeboxes after Tindale's death in 1993. Most were made after Tindale's retirement from the SAM, but the shoeboxes also contained copies of recordings made prior to 1965 for study purposes in the United States. Most of the duplicate tapes have been removed by the archive.

The recordings contained in AA 338/11/1-26 and AA 338/11/27-30 are grouped chronologically and according to expedition, field trip, or recording session. Those contained in AA 338/11/31-39 are generally grouped according to topic (usually provided by Tindale on the shoeboxes).

Items AA 338/11/1-26 (wax cylinders, acetate discs and magnetic tapes) relate to the following expeditions, field trips or recording sessions:

AA 338/11/

1. MacDonald Downs (NT) 1930
2. Magpie series c1930
3. Cockatoo Creek (NT) 1931
4. Mt Liebig (NT) 1932
5. Clarence Long series (SA) 1932
6. Mann & Musgrave Ranges (SA) 1933
7. Crow Story, Tangane Tribe, Coorong (SA) 1934
8. Story of Waijungari, Jaralde Tribe (SA) 1934
9. Ooldea (SA) 1934
10. Diamantina (SA) 1934
11. Warburton Range (WA) 1935
12. Clarence Long series (SA) 1937-38
13. Harvard-Adelaide Universities Expedition 1938-39
14. Albert Karloan series 1940
15. Fanny Cochrane Smith series 1949
16. Haast Bluff (NT) 1957
17. Mornington Islands series (Qld) 1960
18. Bentinck Island series (Qld) 1960
19. John Reese Interview 1960
20. Excavation of rock shelter at Noola (NSW) 1961
21. Palm Island (Qld) 1963
22. Gulf of Carpentaria Expedition 1963
23. Rawlinson Range Expedition (WA) 1963
24. Myths of Kungkarungkara 1964
25. Papunya (NT) 1964
26. Interview with John Irrgang 1964

Items contained in AA 338/11/27-30, those materials recorded on magnetic tape between 1964 and 1966 that are not listed in the SAM Speech and Sound Collections register, are listed in this guide under the following headings:

AA 338/11/

27. Gerard (SA) 1964
28. Yalata (SA) 1964
29. Yalata (SA) 1965
30. Musgrave Range (SA) 1966

Items contained in AA 338/11/31-39, Tindale's 'personal and study series', are listed under the following headings:

AA 338/11/

31. Harold Davies series; Simpson Desert 1962; Crabtree pressure flaking; F Bordes Extracts; Songs from Arnhem Land
32. 'John Greenway series'
33. Yalata (SA) 1964-65; Western Musgrave Ranges (SA) 1966
34. 'J Mason series [1964]; Milerum; Jarildekald; Tanganekald'
35. 'Tapes: W. Australia 1966, 1968, 1972'
36. 'Australian Anthropology'
37. 'N B Tindale: Cassette Tape Collection'
38. 'Cinefilm descriptions, lectures'
39. Additions to Tindale's personal and study series

Note that much of the material contained in this series is of a culturally sensitive nature and public access is subject to restrictions.

MacDonald Downs (NT) 1930

This item consists of 13 (plus 1 spoilt) wax cylinders surviving from a total of 19 recorded by Norman B Tindale and EH Davies during the University of Adelaide's Board for Anthropological Research expedition to MacDonald Downs in 1930. In his field journal, Tindale noted that: 'the song outlines and translations recorded here were written by me. Dr Harold Davies supervised the operation of the recording gramophone' (AA 338/1/6, p. 126). Much of the material is restricted.

Tindale's wax cylinder recording method involved making two recordings of each song, 'the first was played back to the aboriginal, who then again sang it. Such repeats have never been replayed, they are virgin, awaiting some sophisticated system of reproduction' (letter from Tindale to the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 6 Feb 1975).

As there are gaps in the surviving collection of wax records and in the associated documentation, this item description provides two lists below. The first lists each surviving wax cylinder (some of which are damaged, as indicated). The cylinders' contents are identified with song numbers provided by Tindale, and these correspond to items found in the second list, which indicates all of the songs recorded during the expedition. Crosschecking reveals which songs survive in audio form and which exist only in written form.

With regard to Tindale's song transcriptions, note that English translations are not always provided. Untranslated songs are often accompanied by a note indicating that the singer did not know the meaning of the song. For further documentation see: 'Anthropological Expedition to MacDonald Downs, Central Australia. Journal and field notes by Norman B. Tindale. Aug.-Sept.1930. Adelaide, South Australia. 1930' (AA 338/1/6, pp. 127-143); the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register (Nos. AS 19-44); and the MacDonald Downs and Cockatoo Creek song notebook (AA 338/12/1/1).

According to Tindale's MacDonald Downs field journal (AA 338/1/6, pp. 127-143), the wax cylinder records contain the following song and speech recordings:

AA 338/11/1/

1. Record 1. Contains song 1
   [No audio. Tape No. 9566; TT3; R7&8; F1; AS19]
2. Record 2. Contains songs 2 & 3
   [Track 1. Tape No. 9566; TT3; R9; F2; AS20-21]
3. Record 5. Contains songs 6 & 7 [damaged]
   [Track 2. Tape No. 9574; TT12; R1; F5; AS24-25]
4. Record 6. Contains songs 8 & 9
   [Track 3. Tape No. 9566; TT3; R10; F6; AS26-27]
5. Record 7. Contains songs 9 & 10
   [Track 4. Tape No. 9567; TT4; R1; F7; AS27-28]
6. Record 8. Contains song 11
   [Track 5. Tape No. 9567; TT4; R2; F8; AS 29]
7. Record 11 & 12. 20 Iliaura words with English equivalents
   [Track 6. Tape No. 9574; TT12; R2; F12; AS32-33]
8. Record 13. Contains song 14 [damaged]
   [Track 7. AS 34]
9. Record 14. Contains song 15 & 16 (a conversation)
   [Track 8. Tape No. 9567; TT4; R3; F14; AS35-36]
10. Record 15. Contains songs 17 & 18
    [Track 9. Tape No. 9567; TT4; R4; F15; AS37-38]
11. Record 16. Contains songs 18 & 19
    [Track 10. Tape No. 9574; TT12; R3; F16; AS38-39]
12. Record 18. Contains songs 21 & 22
    [Track 11. Tape No. 9574; TT12; R4; F18; AS41-42]
13. Record 19. Contains songs 22, 23 & 24
    [Track 12. Tape No. 9574; TT12; R5; F19; AS42-44]
14. Unnumbered cylinder labelled 'Spoilt' and a recording from the Mount Liebig H Series
    [Track 13. Tape No. 9574; TT12; R6&7; F19]

The full list of song and speech texts appearing in Tindale's MacDonald Downs field journal (AA 338/1/6, pp. 127-143) is:

• Akeiwa Pondja from Abmoara Creek (Fraser Creek)
  [Song 1; AS19]
• Tjalku berididja pondja (a bird song)
  [Song 2; AS20]
• Ranga pondja (dog song)
  [Song 3; AS21]
• Ilpindja, a song from the north
  [Song 4; AS22. No audio nor transcription]
• Eritja (a)pondja (eagle song)
  [Song 5; AS23. No audio nor transcription]
• Apulla (circumcision song)
  [Song 6; AS24]
• To make the bullroarer (from Aitjilara, Hatchs Creek)
  [Song 7; AS25]
• Apulja pondja
  [Song 8; AS26]
• Apulja song of Arandina alalta
  [Song 9; AS27]
• Angkwana Pondja (from Kulanda)
  [Song 10; AS28]
• Ngatalunga pondja (initiation song from Taparapara)
  [Song 11; AS29]
• Apolla (circumcision song)
  [Song 12; AS30. No audio nor transcription]
• Apolla (circumcision song)
  [Song 13; AS31. No audio nor transcription]
• Language trials. Iliaura words
  [Record XI; AS32]
• Language trails. English equivalent
  [Record XII; AS33]
• Anmanda Pondja (sex lure song)
  [Song 14; AS34]
• Anmanda Pondja from Aritjelara
  [Song 15; AS35]
• A conversation
  [No. 16; AS36]
• Agalta (rabbit bandicoot) Pondja
  [Song 17; AS37]
• Pondja Agarta
  [Song 18; AS38]
• Tarndangara Pondja
  [Song 19; AS39]
• Aljtera song to 'sing' women
  [Song 20; AS40]
• Apolla
  [Song 21; AS41]
• Apolla
  [Song 22; AS42]
• Alpalaita (gum tree witchetty grub) song
  [Song 23; AS43]
• Fragment of song sung at Akeiwa ceremony (fragment only)
  [Song 24; AS44]

It is important to note that Tindale's assigning of songs to particular tribes in the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register is not comprehensive and may at times be misleading. Song 4 above, for example, is described as a song from the north whose meaning is unknown to the singer. The song is listed as 'Iliaura' in the Speech and Sound Collections register - it seems that the tribal affiliation of the singer is used by Tindale to identify the song with a particular tribal group. This practice presents obvious problems. In general, the actual language or cultural ownership of a particular song is not necessarily attested in the catalogue descriptions provided in this series. In many cases, such comment awaits further work upon the collection.

The wax cylinders listed above were formerly located in the EH Davies Collection (AA 71).

Tindale Tribes: Iliaura; Aranda.

Magpie series c1930

This item consists of 9 wax cylinders, 2 of which are broken. They contain recordings of an unidentified person(s) mimicking a magpie's song. Although attributed to Tindale by the archive, no documentation has been located in support of this and the provenance remains uncertain. Note that these wax cylinders are not listed in the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register.

The Transcription Tape Catalogue contains the following information:

AA 338/11/3/

1. Magpie Series
   [Track 1. Tape No. 9578; TT19; R1]
2. Magpie Series 2A
   [Track 2. Tape No. 9578; TT19; R2]
3. Magpie Series 2B
   [Track 3. Tape No. 9578; TT19; R3]
4. Magpie Series 3A
   [Track 4. Tape No. 9578; TT19; R4]
5. Magpie Series 3B
   [Track 5. Tape No. 9578; TT19; R5]
6. Magpie Series 4A
   [Track 6. Tape No. 9578; TT19; R6]
7. Magpie Series 4B
   [Track 7. Tape No. 9578; TT19; R7]

Cockatoo Creek (NT) 1931

This item consists of 13 wax cylinders recorded by Norman B Tindale (with the assistance of TD Campbell) during the University of Adelaide's Board for Anthropological Research expedition to Cockatoo Creek in 1931. In his field journal Tindale wrote: 'using wax cylinders I attempted to make recordings of the songs sung at the various ceremonies which were part of our contact with the study of the aborigines. As far as possible a duplicate recording was made of each song. In subsequent studies of the records only the first, labelled as trial, was used, it being intended that the final recording would be preserved against a day when a more permanent form could be made' (AA 338/1/7, p. 122). It is likely that these 13 wax cylinders survive from an original total of 16 cylinders. In his field journal Tindale noted that cylinder 16A was of poor quality and that owing to faulty cylinders recording activity ceased (p. 135).

As there are gaps in the surviving collection of wax records and in the associated documentation, this item description provides two lists below. The first lists each surviving wax cylinder. The cylinders' contents are provided with song numbers, and these correspond to items found in the second list, which indicates all of the songs recorded during the expedition. Crosschecking reveals which songs survive in audio form and which exist only in written form. Note that Tindale did not indicate the contents of wax record 13A and that there is an additional song on cylinder 16A that was not transcribed by Tindale.

Note that most of the songs are transcribed but are not translated into English.

According to Tindale's Cockatoo Creek field journal (AA 338/1/7, pp. 122-135), the wax cylinders listed below contain the following song recordings:

AA 338/11/3/

1. Record 1. Contains songs 1 & 2
   [No audio nor transcription. AS1&2]
2. Record 2. Contains songs 3 & 4
   [Track 1. Tape No. 9572; TT10; R1; Cyl.2; AS3&4]
3. Record 3. Contains song 5 & 6 [Only Song 5 is mentioned in the audio]
   [Track 2. Tape No. 9572; TT10; R2; Cyl.3; AS5&6]
4. Record 4. Contains songs 6 & 7
   [Track 3. Tape No. 9572; TT10; R3; Cyl.4; AS6&7]
5. Record 5. Contains songs 7 & 8
   [Track 4. Tape No. 9572; TT10; R4; Cyl.5; AS7&8]
6. Record 6. Contains song 9
   [Track 5. Tape No. 9572; TT10; R5; Cyl.6; AS9]
7. Record 7. Contains song 10 (cylinder broken)
   [Track 6. Not digitised due to damage]
8. Record 8. Contains song 11
   [Track 7&8. Tape No. 9572; TT10; R6&7; Cyl.8&9; AS11]
9. Record 9. Contains songs 12 & 13
   [No audio nor transcription. AS12&13]
10. Record 11. Contains songs 14 & 15 [Only song 15 is mentioned in the audio]
    [Track 9. Tape No. 9572; TT10; R8; Cyl.11; AS14&15]
11. Record 12A. Contains song 16
    [Track 10. Tape No. 9572; TT10; R9; Cyl.12A; AS16]
12. Record 13A
    [Track 11. Tape No. 9572; TT10; R10; Cyl.13A]
13. Record 15A. Contains song 17
[Track 12. Tape No. 9572; TT10; R11; Cyl.15A; AS17]
14. Record 16A. Contains song 18 & one unlisted song
    [Track 13. Tape No. 9572; TT10; R12; Cyl.16A; AS18]

The following songs are listed by Tindale in his Cockatoo Creek field journal:

• Snake (wanna) song of Tatiwana
  [Song 1; AS1. No audio nor transcription]
• Ilpindja or sex lure song from Tanamai
  [Song 2; AS2. No audio nor transcription]
• Tjangalbu or Opossum song of Jardijardu
  [Song 3; AS3]
• Tjangalbu or Opossum song of Jardijardu
  [Song 4; AS4]
• Ilpindja or sex lure song of Jardijardu
  [Song 5; AS5]
• Third part of Tjandalbu or Opossum song of Jardijardu
  [Song 6; AS6]
• Fourth part of Tjandalbu or Opossum song of Jardijardu
  [Song 7; AS7]
• Fifth song of Tjandalbu or Opossum series of Jardijardu (Inanta or Bean Tree song)
  [Song 8; AS8]
• Sixth song of Tjangalbu or Opossum series of Jardijardu
  [Song 9; AS9]
• Agarra (Kangaroo) totemic song
  [Song 10; AS10]
• Waningala (place) song of Aknatalya (Cockatoo Creek)
  [Song 11; AS11]
• Agarra (Kangaroo) song of Waningala (place)
  [Song 12; AS12. No audio nor transcription]
• Agarra (Kangaroo) song of Waningala (place)
  [Song 13; AS13. No audio nor transcription]
• Ilpindja or sex lure song of the Malu totem
  [Song 14; AS14 ?Audio. No transcription]
• Song from Wadi (a place a long way south of Cockatoo Creek)
  [Song 15; AS15]
• Song from Tjardiwandu country
  [Song 16; AS 16]
• Playabout corroboree song
  [Song 17; AS17]
• Massed song
  [Song 18; AS18]

For further documentation see: 'Expedition G. Expedition to Cockatoo Creek, Central Australia. August 6-27, 1931. Journal and field notes by Norman B. Tindale.1931' (AA 338/1/7, pp. 122-135), the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register entries AS 1-18, and the Macdonald Downs and Cockatoo Creek song notebook (AA 339/12/1/1).

In the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register Tindale assigns these songs to the Ilpirra (Walpiri) tribe. In general, however, the actual language or cultural ownership of a particular song is not necessarily indicated in the catalogue descriptions provided in this series. In many cases, such comment awaits further work upon the collection.

Tindale Tribes: Walpiri.

Mt Liebig (NT) 1932

This item consists of 26 wax cylinders recorded by Norman B Tindale and TD Campbell during the University of Adelaide's Board for Anthropological Research expedition to Mt Liebig in 1932. It is likely that these 26 cylinders survive from an original number of 28. Eleven of the 26 cylinders were recorded jointly, while the remainder were recorded by Tindale (6) and Campbell (9):

• joint recordings: Trial H-H5, Tuesday's duet recording, and Thursday's recordings
• recorded by Tindale: Series A-K
• recorded by Campbell: Monday's and Tuesday's ceremonies
  

In general, Tindale's wax cylinder recording method involved making two recordings of each song, 'the first was played back to the aboriginal, who then again sang it. Such repeats have never been replayed, they are virgin, awaiting some sophisticated system of reproduction' (letter from Tindale to the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 6 Feb 1975). Some of the recordings made during the Mt Liebig expedition, however, do not follow this pattern. Monday's recordings, for example, consist of 'collective songs'. That is, a track consisting of a number of songs rather than an individual song, which is then repeated as described by Tindale above.

With regard to transcriptions, note that most of the songs are transcribed but not all of them are provided with English glosses.

The following list of wax cylinders and their contents has been compiled from two sources: paper slips stored with cylinders in their canisters and from Tindale's song descriptions in his Mt Liebig field journal (AA 338/1/8, pp. 105-114):

AA 338/11/4/

1. Cylinder: Trial 'H' series. Contains 2 untitled songs
2. Cylinder H1. Test reel I. Contains a Koŋgo (place) kanda totem song (plus two unidentified tracks)
   [Track 1. Tape No. 9564; TT1; R1, H1; AS 45]
3. Cylinder H2. Contains 2 songs from Jardijardu (place)
   [Track 2. Tape No. 9564; TT1; R2, H2; AS 46-47]
4. Cylinder H3. Contains 2 songs of the Padiki ceremony
   [Track 3. Tape No. 9564; TT1; R3, H3; AS 48-49]
5. Cylinder H4. Contains 2 songs of the Padiki ceremony
   [Track 4. Tape No. 9564; TT1; R4, H4; AS 50-51]
6. Cylinder H5. Contains 1 song of the Padiki ceremony
   [Track 5. Tape No. 9564; TT1; R5, H5; AS 52-54]
7. Monday Ceremony 2, Record 1. Collective songs sung during preparations for a ceremony
   [Track 6. Tape No. 9576; TT16; R1; Cyl. Monday Series]
8. Monday Ceremony 2, Record 2. Collective songs sung during preparations for a ceremony
   [Track 7. Tape No. 9576; TT16; R2; Cyl. Monday Series]
9. Monday Ceremony 2, Record 3. Collective songs sung during preparations for a ceremony
   [Track 8. Tape No. 9576; TT16; R3; Cyl. Monday Series]
10. Monday Ceremony 2, Record 4. Collective songs sung during preparations for a ceremony
    [Track 9. Tape No. 9576; TT16; R4; Cyl. Monday Series]
11. Monday Ceremony 2, Record 5. Collective songs sung during preparations for a ceremony
    [Track 10. Tape No. 9576; TT16; R5; Cyl. Monday Series]
12. Monday Ceremony 2, Record 6. Collective songs sung during preparations for a ceremony
    [Track 11. Tape No. 9576; TT16; R6; Cyl. Monday Series]
13. Tuesday Ceremony 3, Cylinder 1. Contains untitled songs relating to ceremonial preparations
    [Track 12. Tape No. 9576; TT16; R7; Cyl. Tuesday Series]
14. Tuesday Ceremony 3, Cylinder 2. Contains untitled songs relating to ceremonial preparations.
    [Track 13. Tape No. 9576; TT16; R8; Cyl. Tuesday Series]
15. Tuesday Ceremony 3, Cylinder 3. Contains untitled songs relating to ceremonial preparations
    [Track 14. Tape No. 9576; TT16; R9; Cyl. Tuesday Series]
16. Tuesday duet recording 'Record II'. Contains a snake song of the Ngalia tribe and an untitled song
    [Track 15. Tape No. 9576; TT16; R10; Cyl. Tuesday Duet]
17. Thursday Record 1. Contains the Jaba or Water song of Ngabakulangu and a Wanjari (or andata = feather decoration) song of Mere Mere
    [Track 16. Tape No. 9576; TT16; R11; Cyl. Thursday; AS55]
18. Thursday Record 2. Contains Wanjari (or andata = feather decoration) songs of Mere Mere
    [Track 17. Tape No. 9576; TT16; R12; Cyl. Thursday; AS56]
19. Thursday Record 3. Contains Wanjari (or andata = feather decoration) songs of Mere Mere
    [Track 18. Tape No. 9577; TT17; R1; Cyl. Thursday evening; AS57-58]
20. Thursday Record 4. Contains Wanjari (or andata = feather decoration) songs of Mere Mere
    [Track 19. Tape No. 9577; TT17; R2; Cyl. Thursday evening; AS59]
21. Saturday Reel 1. Contains an untitled Ngalia song and the Nananana (half-woman 'devil man') totem song
    [Track 20. Tape No. 9577; TT17; R3; Cyl. A,B; AS60-61]
22. Saturday Reel 2. Contains the Nananana (half-woman 'devil man') totem song and the Nananana wati totem song
    [Track 21. Tape No. 9577; TT17; R4; Cyl. B,C; AS61-62]
23. Saturday Reel 3. Contains a Wami (snake totem) song of Kartinka and a Kunka or Woman's song
    [Track 22. Tape No. 9577; TT17; R5; Cyl. D,E; AS63-64]
24. Saturday Reel 4. Contains a Kunka or Woman's song and the Nananana wati totem song of Nawoluko
    [Track 23. Tape No. 9577; TT17; R6; Cyl. E,F; AS64-65]
25. Saturday Reel 5. Contains the Nananana totem song of Nawoluko and a Jala (yam totem) ceremony song
    [Track 24. Tape No. 9577; TT17; R7; Cyl. G,H; AS66-67]
26. Saturday Reel 6. Contains Jala (yam totem) ceremony songs
    [Track 25. Tape No. 9577; TT17; R8; Cyl. A,B; AS67-69]
27. Ceremony Series: K, Record I-III
    [No audio nor transcription. AS70-72]

It appears that two wax cylinders are missing from the original set of recordings. Transcriptions exist for the contents of missing wax cylinders Tuesday duet I and Saturday Reel 7. These are transcriptions of the Kandulara (tree snake) song of the Ngalia tribe and a final song of the Jala (yam) totem series, respectively. For further documentation see Tindale's journal: 'Expedition H. Journal of an Expedition to Mt. Liebig, Central Australia to do Anthropological Research by Norman B. Tindale. Adelaide 1932' (AA 338/1/8, pp. 105-114), the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register entries AS 45-72, and the Mt Liebig song notebook (AA 338/12/1/2).

It is important to note that in the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register Tindale assigns most of these songs to the Ngalia and Pintubi tribes. Many of the songs are not assigned to a tribal group. Note that in general the actual language or cultural ownership of a particular song is not necessarily indicated in the catalogue descriptions provided in this series. In many cases, such comment awaits further work upon the collection.

The wax cylinders listed above were formerly located in the EH Davies collection (AA 71).

Tindale Tribes: Ngalia; Pintubi.

Clarence Long (Milerum) Series (SA) 1932

This item consists of 15 wax cylinders recorded by NB Tindale and EH Davies during sessions with Clarence Long (Milerum) in 1932. Clarence Long, a Tanganekald man, was Tindale's main informant on the cultures of the South-East of South Australia. Of the 19 songs performed by Clarence Long during these sessions, 16 were recorded by Tindale and Davies on wax cylinders (see Tindale's 1937 paper: 'Native Songs of the South-East of South Australia', Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, Vol.61, pp. 107-120). The full set of recorded wax cylinders has apparently survived and is described below.

Tindale's wax cylinder recording method involved making two recordings of each song, 'the first was played back to the aboriginal, who then again sang it. Such repeats have never been replayed, they are virgin, awaiting some sophisticated system of reproduction' (letter from Tindale to the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 6 Feb 1975).

Most of the recorded songs were transcribed and translated into English by Tindale. Along with details relating to performance, these writings are found in Tindale's field journals (as noted below).

According to information on paper slips stored in the cylinder canisters, the wax cylinders listed below contain the following song recordings:

AA 338/11/5/

1. Preliminary information relating to the identifiers
   [Track 1]
2. Cylinder 1: 'Song 1 of Clarence Long Series, Tangane Tribe, Coorong, S.A. Trial only'
   [Track 2. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R1; Cyl. 1; AS341]
3. Cylinder 2: contains song 1 repeat; song 2 trial
   [Track 3. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R2; Cyl. 2; AS341-342]
4. Cylinder 3: contains song 2 repeat, song 3
   [Track 4. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R3; Cyl. 3; AS342-343 (AS343 missing)]
5. Cylinder 4: contains song 4, trial and finished record
   [Track 5. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R4; Cyl. 4; AS344]
6. Cylinder 5: contains trial song 5, song 5, trial song 6
   [Track 6. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R5; Cyl. 5; AS345-346]
7. Cylinder 6: contains song 6, song 7 trial
   [Track 7. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R6; Cyl. 6; AS346-347]
8. Cylinder 7: contains song 7, song 8 trial & finished
   [Track 8. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R7; Cyl. 7; AS347-348]
9. Cylinder 8: contains song 9 trial & finished
   [Track 9. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R8; Cyl. 8; AS349]
10. Cylinder 9: contains song 10 trial, song 10 finished
    [Track 10. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R9; Cyl. 9; AS350]
11. Cylinder 10: contains song 11 trial, song 11 finished, song 12 trial
    [Track 11. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R10; Cyl. 10; AS351-352]
12. Cylinder 11: contains song 12 finished, song 13 trial
    [Track 12. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R11; Cyl. 11; AS352-353]
13. Cylinder 12: contains song 13 finished, song 14 trial
    [Track 13. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R12; Cyl. 12; AS353-354]
14. Cylinder 13: contains song 14 finished, song 15 trial
    [Track 14. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R13; Cyl. 13; AS354-355]
15. Cylinder 14: contains song 15 finished, song 16 trial
    [Track 15. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R14; Cyl. 14; AS355-356]
16. Cylinder 15: contains song 16 finished
    [Track 16. Tape No. 9573; TT11; R15; Cyl. 15; AS356]

These numbered songs correspond to the titles given in the following list (drawn from Tindale's 'Journal of Researches in the South East of S. Australia by Norman B. Tindale. Volume 1. 1931-1934 with some earlier notes copied in', AA 338/1/33/1, pp. 235-260):

• Hunting song of Taŋane tribe
  [Song 1; AS341]
• Song from the Murray River (Jaralde language)
  [Song 2; AS342]
• Song of the swallow (watiari) and ring tailed mouse (lapidawi, Jaralde tribe)
  [Song 3; AS343 (sheet missing)]
• Tuŋgari (mantumaŋgari) song of the Taŋane tribe
  [Song 4; AS344]
• A Pelekawi song sung in modified Potaruwutj-Taŋane language of the Meintaŋk tribe (of Cold & Wet)
  [Song 5; AS345]
• A Pelekawi sung in the Tatiara language
  [Song 6; AS346]
• Taŋane song of accusation sung against the Tatiara tribe
  [Song 7; AS347]
• A Tungari sung when a widow appears too anxious to remarry (in Raminjeri language)
  [Song 8; AS348]
• Mimikur (bullroarer) song of the Meintangk tribe
  [Song 9; AS349]
• 'A Storm' song (sung in Taŋane language)
  [Song 10; AS350]
• Pekere Tungar or Dream song of the Taŋane tribe
  [Song 11; AS351]
• Pekere Tungar or Dream song of the Taŋane tribe
  [Song 12; AS352]
• Death fear song of the Taŋane tribe
  [Song 13; AS353]
• Kondoli Tungar or whale song of the Raminjeri tribe
  [Song 14; AS354]
• Song of Watti's fight (epic of the Potaruwutj tribe)
  [Song 15; AS355]
• Song of Watti's victory (Potaruwutj tribe)
  [Song 16; AS356]
• Growling song of the Taŋane tribe
  [Song 17; AS357. No audio nor transcription]
• A song about Maramandaŋunuru's fight at Port Elliot (Taŋane)
  [Song 18; AS358. No audio nor transcription]
• A song about Ngurunderi (Taŋane)
  [Song 19; AS359. No audio nor transcription]

For further documentation see Tindale's 'Journal of Researches in the South East of S. Australia by Norman B. Tindale. Volume 1. 1931-1934 with some earlier notes copied in' (AA 338/1/33/1, pp. 235-260), the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register entries AS 341-359, and the Clarence Long Series song notebook (AA 338/12/1/3). Note that some of the songs were rerecorded using acetate discs in 1937 (see AA 338/11/12).

Tindale Tribes: Tanganekald; Meintangk; Ramindjeri; Potaruwutj.

Mann & Musgraves Ranges (SA) 1933

This item consists of 34 wax cylinders recorded by Norman B Tindale and HK Fry during the University of Adelaide's Board for Anthropological Research expeditions to the Mann and Musgrave Ranges during May-August 1933.

On the first expedition, Tindale and Cecil J Hackett, a physical anthropologist, travelled in a westerly direction from Ernabella in the Musgrave Ranges to the Mann Ranges. According to a report on the expedition, Tindale managed to detail 'the song series relating to ten ceremonies' (Oceania V.4, 1933-34, p.105). It is important to note, however, that Tindale does not provide a clear indication of how many songs were actually recorded on wax cylinders as opposed to merely transcribed into the pages of his song notebooks and expedition field journal. Also lacking is a clear indication of the total number of wax cylinders recorded during the expedition.

One of main objectives of the first expedition was for Tindale and Hackett to contact Aboriginal people and to entice them to travel to Ernabella to become subjects for anthropometric and ethnological study during the second expedition, planned for August. Fry arrived at Ernabella with the second expedition party and, according to Tindale's written records, assisted with the recording of the songs of the Inma Ngintaka (see below). Otherwise, it appears, Tindale made the gramophone recordings himself. As with the first expedition, Tindale does not provide a clear indication of how many songs were actually recorded on wax cylinders as opposed to merely transcribed onto the pages of his song notebooks and field journal or the total number of wax cylinders recorded during the second expedition.

The S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register lists 150 songs for the Mann and Musgrave Ranges expeditions (AS 73-233). It seems, however, that the information contained in this listing is not fully reliable. Some of the contents of the wax cylinders, for instance, do not appear in the Speech and Sound Collections register: the most conspicuous omissions are the speech records (AA 338/11/6/22-24, listed below). A further problem is that all of the song entries between AS 73-233 are indicated as being wax cylinder recordings, which appears to be an error. Although the total number of wax cylinder recordings made by Tindale is unknown, it appears most unlikely that cylinders were made for all of the approximately 150 texts in question.

The best documentary materials relating to the wax cylinders are Tindale's two expedition song notebooks: 'Mann Range (SA) Song Records (1933)' (AA 338/12/1/4) and 'Musgrave Range (SA) Song Records (1933)' (AA 338/12/1/5). The other main documentary source is 'Journal of an Anthropological Expedition to the Mann and Musgrave Ranges, North West of South Australia, May- July 1933, and a personal record of the Anthropological expedition to Ernabella, Aug. 1933, by Norman B. Tindale. Adelaide 1933' (AA 338/1/9). It should be noted that some of the descriptions appearing in the song notebooks and on the cylinder canisters do not appear in the field journal. That is to say, there is no one complete and reliable documentary source, rather there are a number of partial and overlapping written sources.

Tindale's preferred recording method involved making two recordings of each song, 'the first was played back to the aboriginal, who then again sang it. Such repeats have never been replayed, they are virgin, awaiting some sophisticated system of reproduction' (letter from Tindale to the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 6 Feb 1975). Accordingly, cylinder contents listings often contain the letters 'T' and 'R' for 'trial' and 'repeat', respectively.

Transcriptions of songs are found in the expedition song notebooks (AA 338/12/1/4 and AA 338/12/1/5 and the field journal (AA 338/1/9). The qualities of the song transcriptions often vary: some songs are transcribed and translated into English, others are only partially transcribed or merely have an English gloss. Transcriptions are often accompanied by descriptions of performance and details of the ceremonies of which they are a part.

Owing to the nature of the ceremonies witnessed by Tindale, access to most of the songs contained within this item is restricted.

The following wax cylinders were recorded on the first expedition:

AA 338/11/6/

1. Reel I: Ernabella 7.6.[19]33. 'Song 1T & 1R. Snake song of Aparana'
   [Track 1. Tape No. 9574; TT13; R1; Cyl. 1]
2. Reel II: Ernabella 7.6.[19]33. 'Song 2T repeat, spoiled'. 'Ilpindja song from Henbury country [NT]'
   [Track 2. Tape No. 9574; TT13; R2; Cyl. 2]
3. Reel III: Ernabella 7.6.[19]33. 'Song 3. 3R comes before 3T. 3T has a flaw in it'. 'Inma Kunkarankalpana' [Seven Sisters] song
   [Track 3. Tape No. 9574; TT13; R3; Cyl. 3]
4. Reel IV: Ernabella 1933. 'Song 4R no trial available. 2nd half spoilt'. 'Ancestral song of Pitjinzara tribe'
   [Track 4. Tape No. 9574; TT13; R4; Cyl. 4]
5. Reel V: 'Song 5R, 5T'. 'Inma Kunkarankalpana' [Seven Sisters] song
   [Track 5. Tape No. 9574; TT13; R5; Cyl. 5]
6. Reel VI: 'Song 6T, 6R. Sunrise song Pitj[antjatj]ara Tribe'
   [Track 6. Tape No. 9574; TT13; R6; Cyl. 6]
7. Reel VII: 'Song 7T, TR, 8T'. 'Emu Dance, Kukata Tribe Song' & 'Song from Aparana'
   [Track 7. Tape No. 9574; TT13; R7; Cyl. 7]
8. Reel VIII: 'Song 9T, 9R'. Snake song [?] from Aparana
   [Track 8. Tape No. 9574; TT13; R8; Cyl. 8]
9. Reel IX: Mann Ra. 1933, 'ceremony'. 'Kangaroo ceremony series of songs'
   [Track 9. Tape No. 9574; TT13; R9; Cyl. 9]
10. Reel X: 'Mann Ra Exped'. Kangaroo ceremony
    [Track 10. Tape No. 9574; TT13; R10; Cyl. 10]
11. Reel XI: Canister lid reads: 'Mann Ra. Exped. Kangaroo Ceremony. Poor'. Card inside reads: 'George Ilpin[dj]a song, pelican song'
    [Track 11. Tape No. 9574; TT13; R11; Cyl. 11]
12. Reel XII: 'Mann Ra. Exp., Ernabella 1933'. Song from Wamapiti
    [Track 12. Tape No. 9574; TT13; R12; Cyl. 12]
13. Reel XIII: 'Mann Ra. Exped. Speech description of song on Reel XII.
    [Track 13. Tape No. 9575; TT14; R1; Cyl. 13]
14. 'Mann Range 1933. Original Test'
    [Track 14. Tape No. 9575; TT14; R2; Cyl. (unnumbered-Ernabella)]

The following wax cylinders were recorded on the second expedition:

AA 338/11/6/ (on the Access CD, Track 1 includes preliminary information relating to the identifiers and Tracks 2-14 do not contain recordings.

15. '2nd Exped. Aug 1933. Reel I'. Inma Inka. 2 songs [labelled reel II in song notebook]
    [Track 15. Tape No. 9575; TT14; R3; Cyl. 1]
16. '2nd Exped. Aug 1933. Reel II'. Two songs [labelled reel III in song notebook]
    [Track 15. Tape No. 9575; TT14; R4; Cyl. (Reel 2-2nd Expedition]
17. 'Songs 1-3 Keineke (native cat) 18.8.33'
    [Track 16. Tape No. 9575; TT14; R5; Cyl. Native Cat? Ernabella]
18. 'Ilpindja Erewandja or pelican song. 18.8.33. George Ilpindja'
    [Track 17. Tape No. 9575; TT14; R6; Cyl. Pelican Ernabella]
19. '2 play songs, Koko nala is sequel'
    [Track 18. Tape No. 9575; TT14; R7; Cyl. Play songs Ernabella]
20. '16.8.33. Inma il[j]i, kalaia, Wednesday night'
    [Track 19. Tape No. 9575; TT14; R8; Cyl. Emu song-Mann Range Exp.]
21. '16.8.33. Wednesday Inma Il[j]i (kalaia = emu)'
    [Track 20. Tape No. 9575; TT14; R9; Cyl. Kalaya (Emu)-Mann Range Exp.]
22. 'Watti Pampul. 1st part, 1st time through' [speech]
    [Track 21. Tape No. 9575; TT15; R1; Cyl. Wati pampul-Mann Ranges]
23. '2nd part Watti Pampul. Yabber Yabber talking' [speech]
    [Track 22. Tape No. 9575; TT15; R2; Cyl. Wati pampul-Mann Ranges]
24. 'Watti pampul part 3 to end. 133 talking after 1st part by no' [speech]
    [Track 23. Tape No. 9575; TT15; R3; Cyl. Wati pampul-Mann Ranges]
25. 'Inma Njintaka [Ngintaka] 3, 4, 5'
    [Track 24. Tape No. 9575; TT15; R4; Cyl. Inma Njintaka]
26. 'Inma Njintaka [Ngintaka] 6, 7, 7'
    [Track 25. Tape No. 9575; TT15; R5; Cyl. Inma Njintaka]
27. 'Inma Njintaka [Ngintaka] 6, 7'
    [Track 26. Tape No. 9575; TT15; R6; Cyl. Inma Njintaka]
28. 'Inma Ngintaka 7 repeat, 8 & 9 conjoined[?], 18.8.33'
    [Track 27. Tape No. 9575; TT15; R7; Cyl. Inma Njintaka]

The following wax cylinders were recorded at Charlotte Waters (NT) 1926 or 1933:

AA 338/11/6

29. Inma Ununtju, Southern Aranda play ceremony, reel 1
    [Track 28. Tape No. 9566; TT3; R1; Cylinder 1]
30. Inma Ununtju, Southern Aranda play ceremony, reel 2
    [Track 29. Tape No. 9566; TT3; R2; Cylinder 2]
31. Inma Ununtju, Southern Aranda play ceremony, reel 3
    [Track 30. Tape No. 9566; TT3; R3; Cylinder 3]
32. Inma Ununtju, Southern Aranda play ceremony, reel 4
    [Track 31. Tape No. 9566; TT3; R4; Cylinder 4]
33. Inma Ununtju, Southern Aranda play ceremony, reel 5
    [Track 32. Tape No. 9566; TT3; R5; Cylinder 5]
34. Inma Ununtju, Southern Aranda play ceremony, reel 6
    [Track 33. Tape No. 9566; TT3; R6; Cylinder 6]

The following songs are described in Tindale's Mann and Musgrave Ranges field journal (AA 338/1/9):

• songs 1-11: Women's dance, a corroboree from Winbaruko (Blanche Tower) performed at the Musgrave Ranges (11 songs, 8 June 1933)
  [AS73-83]
• song 12: Inma laka tiŋari or inma kondala song (1 song, 22 June 1933)
  [AS84]
• songs 13-19: Inma papa or dog ceremony (7 songs, 23 June 1933)
  [AS85-90]
• songs 20-26: Inma malu or kangaroo inma (7 songs, 23 June 1933)
  [AS91-98]
• songs 27-39: Inma papa tjanalkulja (13 songs, 23 June 1933)
  [AS99-111]
• songs 40-77: Circumcision ceremony songs (38 songs, 23 June 1933)
  [AS112-149]
• songs 78-80: Songs recorded while walking along (3 songs, 28 June 1933)
  [AS150-152]
• songs 81-84: Songs associated with Itara (Mt Harcus) (4 songs, 3 July 1933)
  [AS153-157]
• songs 85-86: Pira tjilpi songs (2 songs, 5 July 1933)
  [AS158-159]
• songs 87-89: Inma iŋka or playabout corroboree (3 songs, 9 July 1933)
  [AS160-162]
• songs 90-92: Inma laka Wardaruka songs (3 songs, 11 July 1933)
  [AS163-165]
• song 93: Inma tjela (well ceremony) (1 song, 11 July 1933)
  [AS166]
• song 94: Tjintjelelinba (bird) song (1 song, 16 July, 1933)
  [AS167]
• song 95: Song sung at ceremony of Wati Jula and his dog, papa Kantju (1 song, 3 August 1933)
  [AS168]
• song 96: Inma Malu (kangaroo ceremony) of Kurupuludjara song (1 song, 3 August 1933)
  [AS169]
• song 97: Lanka (lizard) song (1 song, 5 August 1933)
  [AS170]
• songs 98-123: Wati Pampul inma (26 songs, Ernabella 9 August 1933)
  [AS171-196]
• songs 124-128: Playabout corroboree called inma njenta (5 songs, Ernabella 12 August 1933)
  [AS197-201]
• songs 129-130: Inma Waiaŋgara of Winbaruka (Blanche Tower) songs (2 songs, Ernabella 12 August 1933)
  [AS202-203]
• song 131: Song of the inma tjalpalpa of Porutjonga (1 song, Ernabella 14 August 1933)
  [AS204]
• songs 132-150: Wati Kantjunja ceremony (19 songs, Ernabella 16 August 1933)
  [AS205-223]

Finally, note that in general the actual language or cultural ownership of a particular song is not necessarily indicated in the catalogue descriptions provided in this series. In many cases, such comment awaits further work upon the collection. The following list of Tindale tribes is intended to be indicative rather than comprehensive.

Tindale Tribes: Pitjandjara; Jangkundjara; Kokata; Aranda; Pintubi.

Crow Story, Tangane Tribe, Coorong (SA) 1934

Brief notes on the cylinder canisters record: 'Crow story Taŋane Tribe. N. B. Tindale 1934'. It is likely that Tindale recorded this material from Clarence Long (Milerum) in 1934.

The Transcription Tape Catalogue contains the following information:

AA 338/11/7

1. Crow story Reel 1
   [Track 1. Tape No. T9577B; TT18; R10; Cyl. Coorong 1]
2. Crow story Reel 2
   [Track 2. Tape No. T9577B; TT18; R11; Cyl. Coorong 2]

Tindale Tribes: Tanganekald.

Story of Waijungari, Jaralde Tribe (SA) 1934

This item consists of two wax cylinders that contain a version of the Story of Waijungari recorded from Frank Blackmore at Adelaide in 1934.

AA 338/11/8/

1. 'Story of Waijungari Reel 1'
2. Crow story Reel 1
   [Track 1. Tape No. T9578; TT19; R8; Cyl. 1]
3. 'Story of Waijungari Reel 2'
   [Track 2. Tape No. T9578; TT19; R9; Cyl. 2]

For further details see Tindale's article: 'The legend of Waijungari, Jaralde tribe, Lake Alexandrina, South Australia, and the phonetic system employed in its transcription', Records of the South Australian Museum Vol.5, No.3, 1935, pp. 261-274. See also Tindale's journal: 'Murray River Notes by Norman B. Tindale. 1930-1952. Adelaide, South Australia' (AA 338/1/31/1).

Tindale Tribes: Jarildekald.

Ooldea (SA) 1934

This item consists of 10 wax cylinders recorded by NB Tindale during a visit to Ooldea in 1934. Tindale met a number of groups at Ooldea, but the main people studied were Jankundjara (Yankunytjatjara). Most of the recorded songs relate to the Kalaya (or Emu) ceremony which is shared by many cultural groups across the Western Desert, and public access to them is restricted. Also recorded were three rain ceremony songs learned by informants at Rottnest Island in Western Australia, but their ultimate place of origin was not established.

Tindale's preferred recording method involved making two recordings of each song, 'the first was played back to the aboriginal, who then again sang it. Such repeats have never been replayed, they are virgin, awaiting some sophisticated system of reproduction' (letter from Tindale to the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 6 Feb 1975). Accordingly, cylinder contents listings often contain the letters 'T' and 'R' for 'trial' and 'repeat', respectively.

Song transcriptions and contextual details relating to songs and ceremonies can be found in Tindale's expedition field journal 'Visits to Ooldea, S.Aust. to study the Aborigines by Norman B. Tindale in 1934 and 1951. Adelaide. S. Australia' (AA 338/1/13) and the Ooldea song notebooks (in 'Papers relating to Ooldea Journal, 1934', AA 338/2/31). Note that Tindale transcribed a number of songs for which he did not make an accompanying audio recording. In his field journal Tindale noted that 'the language of the songs is archaic and the word for word meaning is 'difficult'' (AA 338/1/13, p.127).

The wax cylinders relating to Ooldea contain the following songs:

AA 338/11/9/

1. Cylinder 1. Inma Kalaia (emu) lak:a. Songs 1T, 1R, 2T, 2R
   [Track 1. Tape No. 9577; TT18; R1; Cyl. Ooldea; Song 1-AS224-225; Song 2-AS226, 249]
2. Cylinder 2. Inma Kalaia (emu) lak:a. Song 3T, 3R
   [Track 2. Tape No. 9577; TT18; R2; Cyl. Ooldea; AS229, 234]
3. Cylinder 3. Inma Kalaia (emu) lak:a. Songs 4T, 4R, 5T
   [Track 3. Tape No. 9577; TT18; R3; Cyl. Ooldea; Song 4-AS227; Song 5-AS239]
4. Cylinder 4. Inma Kalaia (emu) lak:a. Songs 5R, 6T, 6R
   [Track 4. Tape No. 9577; TT18; R4; Cyl. Ooldea 4; Song 5-AS239]
5. Cylinder 5. Inma Kalaia (emu) lak:a. Song 7T, 7R, 7T
   [Track 5. Tape No. 9577; TT18; R5; Cyl. Ooldea 5; Song 7-AS231, 238]
6. Cylinder 6. Inma Kalaia (emu) lak:a. Song 8T, 8R
   [Track 6. Tape No. 9577; TT18; R6; Cyl. Ooldea 6; Song 8-AS228]
7. Cylinder 7. Inma Kawulja (rain ceremony) from Rottnest Island WA. Song 9
   [Track 7. Tape No. 9577; TT18; R7; Cyl. Ooldea 7; AS245-246]
8. Cylinder 8. Inma Kawulja (rain ceremony) from Rottnest Island WA. Song 10
   [Track 8. Tape No. 9577; TT18; R8; Cyl. Ooldea 8; AS247]
9. Cylinder 9. Inma Kawulja (rain ceremony) from Rottnest Island WA. Song 11
   [No audio; AS248]
10. Cylinder 12. Test Reel Ooldea Soak
    [Track 9. Tape No. 9577; TT18; R12; Cyl. Coorong 3]

The S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register lists 24 songs for the Ooldea visit of 1934 (AS 224-249): Inma lak:a Kalaia (Emu) of Waratji (20 songs); Song of many men dancing (1 song); and Inma Kawulja (3 songs). As noted above, not all of these songs were recorded on the gramophone.

• Inma lak:a Kalaia (Emu) of Waratji
  [AS224-241, 243-244]
• Song of many men dancing
  [AS242]
• Inma Kawulja
  [AS245-248]

Finally, note that in general the actual language or cultural ownership of a particular song is not necessarily indicated in the catalogue descriptions provided in this series. In many cases, such comment awaits further work upon the collection.

Tindale Tribes: Jangkundjara.

Diamantina (SA) 1934

This item consists of 14 wax cylinders recorded by Norman B Tindale during the University of Adelaide's Board for Anthropological Research expedition to the north-east of South Australia in 1934. In a report on the expedition, Tindale wrote: 'pitjuri trade routes and the songs chanted during journeys to obtain this narcotic were set down and 15 songs of the Jawurawalka, Ngamani, Wonkanguru, Aranda and Dieri were recorded on the Edison phonograph' (AA 338/1/12, p.201). The 4 pitjuri (Duboisia) songs were not recorded on wax cylinder but transcriptions and additional descriptions are found in Tindale's 'Journal of the Anthropological Expedition to the Diamantina, North-East of South Australia. August 1934' (AA 338/1/12, pp. 87-91). Another song not recorded on wax cylinder, a navel string song, is located at AA 338/1/12, p.191.

Tindale's preferred recording method involved making two recordings of each song, 'the first was played back to the aboriginal, who then again sang it. Such repeats have never been replayed, they are virgin, awaiting some sophisticated system of reproduction' (letter from Tindale to the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 6 Feb 1975). Accordingly, cylinder contents listings often contain the letters 'T' and 'R' for 'trial' and 'repeat', respectively.

Documentation relating to the wax cylinders is found in Tindale's Diamantina field journal (AA 338/1/12) and song notebook (AA 338/12/1/6). The S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register offers an incomplete record of songs recorded during the expedition (see AS 250-255). As mentioned, a number of songs were written down but not recorded on wax cylinder.

Transcriptions of songs are found in Tindale's field journal and the expedition song notebook. Note that the transcriptions vary in quality: they are often partial, and may be accompanied by English glosses. Tindale usually provides details on the identity of the singer, the place or places to which the song is associated, and in some cases more detailed contextual notes relating to the ceremonies of which the songs form a part.

According to documentation stored with the cylinders, as well as notes on the canisters, the Diamantina expedition wax cylinders contain the following songs:

AA 338/11/10/

1. Cylinder 1: Test, Song 1T & R
   [Track 1. Tape No. 9568; TT5; R1; Cyl. 1]
2. Cylinder 2: Song 2T, 2R, spoil
   [Track 2. Tape No. 9568; TT5; R2; Cyl. 2]
3. Cylinder 3: Song 3T, 3R
   [Track 3. Tape No. 9568; TT5; R3; Cyl. 3]
4. Cylinder 4: Song 4T & R solo, Song 5T
   [Track 4. Tape No. 9568; TT5; R4; Cyl. 4]
5. Cylinder 5: Song 5R, Song 6
   [Track 5. Tape No. 9568; TT5; R5; Cyl. 5]
6. Cylinder 6: Song 7T & R, 8T
   [Track 6. Tape No. 9568; TT5; R6; Cyl. 6]
7. Cylinder 7: Song 8 & 8 'trio'
   [Track 7. Tape No. 9568; TT5; R7; Cyl. 7]
8. Cylinder 8: Song 9T & R
   [Track 8. Tape No. 9568; TT5; R8; Cyl. 8
9. Cylinder 9: Song 10
   [Track 9. Tape No. 9568; TT5; R9; Cyl. 9; AS250]
10. Cylinder10: Song 11T & R, 12T
    [Track 10. Tape No. 9568; TT5; R10; Cyl. 10]
11. Cylinder 11: Song 12
    [Track 11. Tape No. 9568; TT5; R11; Cyl. 11]
12. Cylinder 12: Song 13
    [Track 12. Tape No. 9568; TT5; R12; Cyl. 12]
13. Cylinder 13: Song 14
    [Track 13. Tape No. 9568; TT5; R13; Cyl. 13]
14. Cylinder 14: Song 15
    [Track 14. Tape No. 9568; TT5; R14; Cyl. 14]

According to Tindale's song notebook, the following song titles relate to the recorded material:

• Song 1: Wima song from Warrina, Lake Eyre
• Song 2: Wama or snake song
• Song 3: Song of Maleara from Uleita place
• Song 4: Kuti or black swan song
• Song 5: Black cockatoo song from Finke River Mission
• Song 6: Warumbara Katuwiri Wima (Crow sneak away song)
• Song 7: Murulpura place song
• Song 8: Song from Murulpura near Oleita on Finke River
• Song 9: Ilpinja song, Finke Creek
• Song 10-12: Atjilparta ceremony songs
  [Song 10: AS250]
• Song 13: Brolga song
• Song 14: Wima Mindri of Mairumiti
• Song 15: Circumcision ceremony song
• Song No. 1-4 Pitjuri Song
  [AS251-254. No audio nor transcription]
• Dieri navel string song
  [AS255. No audio nor transcription]

Tindale often assigned songs to particular tribes in the song notebook. However, note that in general the actual language or cultural ownership of a particular song is not necessarily indicated in the catalogue descriptions provided in this series. In many cases, such comment awaits further work upon the collection.

Tindale Tribes: Jauraworka; Ngameni; Wongkanguru; Aranda; Dieri.

Warburton Range (WA) 1935

This item consists of 13 wax cylinders recorded by Norman B. Tindale during the University of Adelaide's Board for Anthropological Research expedition to the Warburton Range in 1935. As the total number of cylinders recorded during the expedition is not known, and as there are gaps in the accompanying documentation, the following description offers a provisional rather than a definitive guide to the Warburton Range wax cylinders.

During the Warburton Range expedition Tindale's recording efforts were hampered by faulty equipment: at one point in his field journal he observed that 'the gramophone cylinders are poorly cut & the upshot was the abandonment of all further attempts to record songs on the present cylinders' (AA 338/1/14, p.271). Tindale continued to transcribe songs, however, as well as details of their performance and ceremonial context in the pages of his field journal. The qualities of the song transcriptions often vary: some songs are transcribed and translated into English, while others are only partially transcribed or merely have an English gloss. According to Tindale, his interpreters were not always able to help with translations (see AA 338/1/14, p.271). Most of the recorded material relates to the Wati Kutjara (Two Men) cycle, which is shared by a number of cultural groups across the Western Desert, and to restricted men's ceremonies. Tindale worked principally with Ngadadjara people during this expedition.

Tindale's preferred recording method involved making two recordings of each song, 'the first was played back to the aboriginal, who then again sang it. Such repeats have never been replayed, they are virgin, awaiting some sophisticated system of reproduction' (letter from Tindale to the Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 6 Feb 1975). Accordingly, songs often appear more than once in the listing provided below.

According to documentation stored with the cylinders, as well as notes on the canisters, the Warburton Range expedition wax cylinders contain the following songs:
AA 338/11/11/

1. Cylinder 1: 'Reel 1 Warb[urton] Range, Aug 12, 1935'. Contains songs 1 & 2
2. Cylinder 2: 'Reel II Warb[urton] Ra[nge]'. Contains songs 2 & 3
3. Cylinder 3: 'Song 11. T only is useful, rest is spoilt by faulty cylinder'
4. Cylinder 4: 'Warb[urton] Ra[nge] 4'. Contains songs 15 & 16
5. Cylinder 5: 'Reel 5'. Contains song 16
6. Cylinder 6: 'Reel 6. Special songs filmed, poor recording, faulty machine'
7. Cylinder 7: 'Warburton Range Reel 7'. Note on lid reads: 'spoil[t] full of crystal or grit'
8. Cylinder 8: 'Reel 14, Warburton Range'
9. Cylinder 9: 'Subincision Reel 2'. Contains Minu series songs 4, 5 & 6
10. Cylinder 10: 'Subincision Reel 3, Warburton Range'. Contains Minu series songs 7, 8 & 9
11. Cylinder 11: 'Subincision Reel 4'. Contains Minu series songs10, 11, & 12
12. Cylinder 12: Test reel: 'testing the machine for the Warburton Range Expedition to the Flinders Range 1937 [sic]'. Two Aboriginal songs sung by Tindale follow
13. Cylinder 13: 'Test reel, Warb[urton] Ra[nge]'
    

Tindale lists two sets of songs in his Warburton Range field journal (AA 338/1/14). The first set includes:

• Song (unnumbered): Inma Malu (kangaroo) song (p. 45)
• Song 1: 'Wati Kutjara tukurupa song' (p. 93)
• Song 2: Initiation ceremony song (p. 97)
• Song 3: 'Minma [woman] turlku' song (p. 99)
• Song 4: 'Waru tjukurupa Tadalpa ŋura' (Fire Totem song) (p. 101)
• Song 5: 'Turlku Wati', a Wati Kutjara song (p. 105)
• Song 6: A Wati Kutjara song (p. 105)
• Song 6a: 'Making of Inma from Mulga tree', a Wati Kutjara song (p. 117)
• Song 7-9: Wati Kutjara songs (pp. 119, 133)
• Song 10: 'Song of the place Tala tala', a Wati Kutjara song (p. 135)
• Song 11: 'Song of Wardaruka (wattle) series' (p. 143)
• Song 12: Initiation song (p. 145)
• Song 13: 'Wild cat (Parutjarta) song from ŋura Ta:munga' (p. 145)
• Song 14: A Malu (kangaroo) Tjukur song (p. 149)
• Song 15: 'Modern native song from Fremantle' (p. 151)
• Song 16: 'Turlku of the Wardaruka (wattle) series' (p. 153)
• Song 17: 'Jilpindji song' (p. 159)
• Song 18: Pi:tawara's song learned at Fremantle jail (p. 165)
• Song 19-20: Men's ceremonial songs (pp. 188-190)
• Song 21: 'Subinitiate song' (p. 195)
• Song 22: 'Tjukur turlku' or totemic song (p. 203)
• Song 23: 'Turlku Tjilkai' (p. 205)
• Song 24-25: Initiation ceremony songs (pp. 241-243)
• Song 26: Song describing Witunbitara (place) (p. 253)
• Song 27: 'Song of the Initiation Series' (p. 269)
• Song 28: 'Song of the Waru (Wallaby) Runkalpa' (p. 269)
• Song 29-38: 'Minu Walkadjara' songs (pp. 277, 293-295)
• Song 39-55: 'Songs relating to the Malu totem ceremonies' (pp. 333-347)
• Song 56: 'Nanbi Turlku' (p. 359)
• Song 57: Children's song (p. 365)
• Song 58-69: Initiation ceremony songs (pp. 371, 383-395)
• Song 70: A Wati Kutjara song (p. 455)
  

The second set contains the songs of the Minu Subincision Ceremony (recorded on 4 wax cylinders, see 'Subincision' reels above):

• Songs 1-12: Minu (Subincision Ceremony) (pp. 217-233)
  

For further documentation see Tindale’s field journal: 'Anthropological Expedition to Warburton Range, Western Australia by Norman B. Tindale. July-September 1935. Journal. Adelaide, S.A. 1935' (AA 338/1/14); the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register entries AS 256-340; and Tindale's article: 'Legend of the Wati Kutjara, Warburton Range, Western Australia', Oceania Vol.VII, No.2, pp. 169-185.

Note that in general the actual language or cultural ownership of a particular song is not necessarily indicated in the catalogue descriptions provided in this series. In many cases, such comment awaits further work upon the collection.
Tindale Tribes: Ngadadjara.

Clarence Long series (SA) 1937-38

This item consists of N. B. Tindale's recordings of Aboriginal songs from the South-East of South Australia during 1937-38. The recorded material, relating primarily to Tanganekald, Bunganditj, Tatiara, Marditjali, Warki, and Ramindjeri 'tribes', was provided by the Tanganekald man Clarence Long (Milerum). Tindale's published paper, 'Native Songs of the South-East of South Australia, Part II', Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, Vol.65, (2), 1941, pp. 233-243, provides details on the context of performance, transcriptions of the songs, and other useful contextual background.

Tindale writes that 'six double-sided discs were prepared between November, 1937, and January, 1938', adding that they contain songs associated with '1, sickness and death; 2, hunting; 3, mythological and totemic stories; 4, magic; 5, personal experiences and adventures; 6, drama' (p. 233). In addition to the 6 double-sided master discs mentioned by Tindale, he also produced 6 working copies and a final disc that was partially only recorded (and is referred to as a 'defective master'). The two reel to reel magnetic tapes included in this item are also working copies of the original disc recordings. Note that the audition CD-ROM associated with this item contains 29 tracks of songs as listed in the master disc contents list given below.

For further information see AA 338/1/33/2, 'Journal of Researches in the South East of S. Australia by Norman B. Tindale, Volume II, 1934-38', pp. 104-135 & 239-70; Tindale's published paper (listed above) and the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register entries AS 368-392.

The following list, the first of two, identifies the master discs, working discs, and magnetic tapes. The second lists the song contents of each of the 6 master discs.

Master discs:
AA 338/11/12/

1. 'Songs by Milerum (Clarence Long)', 9 Nov 1937, songs 1-4
2. 'Disc 2, Nov 22nd 1937'
3. 'Disc 3, Nov 30th 1937'
4. 'Clarence Long Series Record 4'
5. 'Clarence Long Series Dec 1st 1937, Record 5'
6. 'Clarence Long Series, Record no.6'
   

Working copies:

7. Working copies of NB Tindale's Clarence Long Series, 10 Nov 1937, 1-4
8. 'Disc 2 Nov 22nd 1937 copy'
9. 'Nov 30th 1937 Disc No 3 copy'
10. 'Clarence Long Series Record 4 copy'
11. 'Clarence Long Series Dec 1st 1937 Record 5 copy'
12. 'Clarence Long Series Record No.6 copy'
    

Defective master:

13. 'Clarence Long Dream Time Song (abandoned as broke down); one side only'
    

Magnetic tapes:

14. Reel 2 of N. B. Tindale's 1937 recordings of Milerum (Clarence Long) of the Tanganekald tribe. Working copy of original disc recordings, 1 x 5 inch reel
15. Reel 3 of N. B. Tindale's 1937 recordings of Milerum (Clarence Long) of the Tanganekald tribe. Working copy of original disc recordings, 1 x 5 inch reel
    

According to Tindale's South East of S. Australia journal (Vol.II, pp. 104-135 & 239-70) and the published article mentioned above, the master discs contain the following songs:

Disc 1

• A dream song
• Song about death
• Song of Murray Bridge
• Song of Njengari
  

Disc 2

• Storm song
• Mimikur or Bullroarer song
• Tanganekald death fear song
• Song to force a widow to remarry
• Tanganekald growling song
  

Disc 3

• Tanganekald song about Ngurunderi
• Tatiara song condemning the Tanganekald
• Meintangk answer to the Tatiara song
• Tanganekald song which embittered the quarrel
  

Disc 4

• Song of Guichen Bay
• Song of Baudin Rocks
• A Bunganditj Mimikur (or Bullroarer) song from Mount Gambier
• A Bunganditj hunter's song from Millicent
• Bunganditj dancing song from Millicent
• Bunganditj Emu song from Mount Benson
  

Disc 5

• A second Bunganditj Emu song called Kupabina, from Biscuit Flat
• A third Bunganditj Emu song, Wirawiruk
• Marditjali tribe song of Wanangan, from Wirriga
• Challenge song of the Pot-Bellied Dwarf, Banguni
• Keinindjeri asks for his brother's widow .. a Ramindjeri song from Encounter Bay
• Song of the Swallow, Watiari and the Ring-Tailed Mouse, Lepidawi
  

Disc 6

• 3 Crow Man Maraŋane songs
• Tanganekald song ridiculing old men who refused to lend their fish nets
• Keinindjeri is deserted by his brother's widow, a Ramindjeri song from Encounter bay
• song about the first landing of White men at Patawalja:nk or Glenelg, SA
  

Tindale Tribes: Tanganekald; Bunganditj; Potaruwutj; Marditjali; Warki; Ramindjeri.

Harvard-Adelaide Universities expedition, 1938-39

This item consists of one wax cylinder recorded by N.B. Tindale during the Harvard and Adelaide Universities Anthropological expedition (1938-39). For details of this expedition, see Tindale's 'Harvard and Adelaide Universities Anthropological Expedition, Australia, 1938-1939. Journal and notes by Norman B. Tindale' (2 vols, AA 338/1/15/1-2).

It is not clear how many wax cylinders in total were recorded by Tindale during this expedition, although it is likely that the number was small. The surviving cylinder listed below was recorded at the Brewarrina Aboriginal Station (NSW) in July 1938 from George Dutton, a Wanjiwalku man. Tindale recorded a wealth of ethnological material from Dutton, including some songs. In his expedition journal Tindale noted that: 'of one of his songs I obtained a poor wax reproduction on our wretched Edison recorder, which gets worse every time we use it' (AA 338/1/15/1, p.177). Tindale noted that the song is of special interest as it contains information relating to the extent of the country of the singer. Elsewhere in his journal Tindale refers to the song as a 'boundary song'.

The song is entitled:

• 'Dande:ira of the Small Diver Bird' (from SW Queensland)
  

The wax cylinder is accompanied by the following Tindale note: 'Dandeira or 'song' of the ŋandaŋara Tribe sung at initiation - it relates the boundaries of the country of an ancestral man (not a totem). The song belongs at Nokabara:ra on the Wilson River. Data in Tindale, N.B. p.177-179, 14 July 1938'. The last point is a reference to Tindale's field journal AA 338/1/15/1.

Other song texts found it Tindale's Harvard-Adelaide Universities expedition journals include:

• Nge:mba Crow Song (p. 178)
• Kitabal songs relating to the story 'The Old Woman and her Grandson' (p. 289)
• Ba:baram initiation song (p. 397)
• Taua songs recorded at Lake Wallaga, NSW (pp. 774-775)
• Wallaby song recorded at Cape Barren Island, TAS (inserted at p.786)
• Antakerinja Malu (Kangaroo) songs recorded at Port Augusta, SA (p. 1027)
• Wati Kutjara songs recorded at Mount Margaret Mission, WA (p. 1123)
  

Tindale Tribes: Wanjiwalku; Ngemba; Kitabal; Barbaram; Mandjindja; Antakirinja; Thaua.

Albert Karloan series 1940

This item consists of 4 acetate discs recorded by Norman B. Tindale during sessions with Albert Karloan, a Jarildekald man, at Murray Bridge (SA) on 22-25 March 1940. Details of these sessions are provided by Tindale in his 'Journal of Researches in the South East of S.Australia by Norman B. Tindale. Volume III. 1938-1956 with index and sundry notes' (AA 338/1/33/3, pp. 31-107).

The recorded material includes a post-contact song, 'Murray River Song', and two stories: 'Story of Peindjali and Porolge' and 'Story of Waijuŋari'. An additional song, 'Song about a Dream', was transcribed by Tindale (see AA 338/1/33/3, p.75) but not recorded on disc.

The discs' contents are as follows:

1. 'Master. Story of Peindjali and Porolge' and 'a culture contact song (made in early days of settlement on Murray River)'
   
2. 'Story of Peindjali and Porolge (copy)'
3. 'Story of Waijungari (original)'
4. 'Story of Waijuŋari (copy)'
   

Note that while Tindale transcribed and translated the 'Story of Peindjali and Porolge', for the 'Story of Waijuŋari' he provided only a transcription. Tindale later wrote: 'this text was not translated at the time and Karloan's death while I was away on military duty ended further work with him and chances of checking it' (AA 338/1/33/3, p.107).
Tindale Tribes: Jarildekald.

Fanny Cochrane Smith series

This item consists of 5 acetate discs containing rerecordings of Tasmanian songs sung by Fanny Cochrane Smith in 1899 and 1903. The songs and commentary were originally recorded on wax cylinders. The acetate disc recordings were made in January 1949 when Norman B. Tindale visited the Tasmanian Museum for this purpose.

Tindale noted in his field journal: 'succeeded in the morning in cutting a reasonable set of Tasmanian song records, considering the very indifferent nature of them. In the afternoon took them to the ABC [Australian Broadcasting Commission] studios and rerecorded them. The results did not differ overmuch although our Presto machine has a vibration in it which is very unfortunate. This was particularly marked with one song. The Tasmanian series consists today of 4 whole wax cylinders and some irrevocably broken fragments of two others one of which was called a 'translation'' (Friday 7 January 1949, AA 338/1/36, p.179).

For further details regarding the original recordings see Murray J. Longman, 'Songs of the Tasmanian Aborigines as Recorded by Mrs. Fanny Cochrane Smith', Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, Vol.94, 1960, pp. 73-86, and for further details of Tindale's rerecording see his journal: 'Tasmania and the Part Aborigines of the Bass Strait Islands and Kangaroo Island .. by Norman B. Tindale 1936-1965+' (AA 338/1/36).

The contents of the 5 discs are:
AA 338/11/15/

1. 'Songs of Tasmanian Aborigines sung by Mrs Fanny Cochrane Smith, F1 Tas.'
2. 'Songs of Tasmanian Aborigines sung by Mrs Fanny Cochrane Smith, F1 Tas.'
3. 'Songs of Tasmanian Aborigines sung by Mrs Fanny Cochrane Smith F1 Tas.'
4. Label on the disc reads: 'Aboriginal songs, Fanny Cochrane Smith F1 Tasmanian'. Recorded at Hobart 10.1.49. The label also carries the name of the ABC. Part 1 is on side one, serial no TB 358; TRM 5851. Part 2 is on side two, serial no TB 358, TRM 5851.
5. Label on disc: 'Aboriginal songs, Fanny Cochrane Smith F1 Tasmanian'. Recorded at Hobart 10.1.49. Part 3 is on side one, serial no TB 359, TRM 5851. Part 4 is on side two, serial no TB 359, TRM 5851.
   

Haasts Bluff (NT) 1957

This item contains field tapes relating to Tindale's trip to Haast Bluff in August 1957 as a member of the University of Adelaide's Board for Anthropological Research. In general, descriptions given below are drawn directly from Tindale's annotations on the individual magnetic tape boxes. As Tindale's field journal relating to this expedition is not held at the South Australian Museum, the descriptions given below are accompanied by an 'AS' number that refers the researcher to an entry in the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register (AA 338/12/4). The latter register was compiled by Tindale in 1964 and contains important contextual details relating to the recordings. Tindale's notebook: 'Rough notes on tape recordings at Haast Bluff, C. Aus. Aug. 1957' (338/12/1/8) should also be consulted.The Haasts Bluff recordings include:
AA 338/16/

1. 'Children singing mission songs in Aranda' 23 Aug. 1957 [AS 433.1]
2. 'Pintubi Turlku (may be spoilt)', 22 Aug. 1957 [AS 433]
3. 'Pintubi Turlku of Tjaŋkatu 23 Aug. 57. Series of songs sung by Pintubi men in camp at Haast Bluff, 22 Aug. 1957' [AS 433]
4. 'Wati (Kutjara) tjukur', 23 Aug. 1957 [AS 433, 435, 436]; 'Pintubi Turlku of Tjaŋkatu', 22 Aug. 1957 [AS 433]
5. 'Wati Kutjara from Ayers Rock. Kukatja. Ends with talk'. 26 Aug. 1957. Sung by Long Harry accompanied by Epaphras [AS 437, 438, 439]; 'Jeramba songs from Popanja, Aranda Tribe, sung by 'Epaphras'. Descr[ibed] by him with English Introduction' [AS 440]
6. 'Koneia (snake) of Lampindji sung and spoken by Tjutjama', 26 Aug. 1957 [AS 440.1, 441, 442]; 'Kuŋkaruŋkalpa Songs I', 27 Aug. 1957 [442.5]
7. 'Kungkaruŋkalpa Songs II', 27 Aug.1957 [AS 442.5]; 'Koneia tjukur I, Pintubi tribe Haast Bluff' [AS 442.1]
8. 'Abor[iginal] children singing', 27 Aug. 1957 [AS 442.6]
9. 'Koneia tjukur II' [AS 442.1]
10. 'Koneia tjukur III', 31 Aug. 1957 [AS 442.2]
11. 'Koneia 5', 2 Sept. 1957 [AS 442.3]
12. 'Koneia 6 conclusion' [AS 442.4]; 'Koŋka Tjukur I', 5 Sept. 1957 [AS 443.1]
13. 'Koŋka Tjukurupa II' [AS 443.2]; '3 Ilpindja songs from Pintubi' [AS 444, 445]
14. 'Pitjandjara Tribe, Kalaia (emu) tjukur I', 5 Sept. 1957, sung by Ju:bai [AS 443]
15. 'Pitjandjara Tr. Kalaia (emu) tjukur II' [AS 443]; 'Tasmanian songs by Fanny Cochrane Smith' [AS 443.3]; 'Spoken words of a Tasmanian song as transcribed by N. B. Tindale with commentary' [AS 443.4].
16. 'Copy of Konka songs' [AS 443.2]
17. 'Music for abor[igines]', music to play to the Aborigines [AS 445.1]
18. 'Pintubi Turlku, Kukatja Wati Kutjara songs and commentary'; 'Honey ant jeramba of Pipanja [sp?]'
19. 'Balance of Jeramba songs. Then verbal account in Aranda'
20. 'Tjutama, Pintubi Tribe, Koneia snake which came from Lampindji near .. S of the Kintore Range', 26 Aug. 1957; 'Kuŋkaruŋkara 1 & 2', 27 Aug. 1957
21. '2nd half of songs of Kuŋkaruŋkara followed by verbal a/c', 27 Aug. 1957
22. '2nd half of verbal account of Kuŋ[k]aruŋkara'; 'Pintubi Tr., Koneia Tjukur', 28 Aug.1957
23. 'Koneia II, Snake, Pintubi Tr, 28 Aug. 57'
24. 'Koneia III, 1st song Pulpajalakara'
25. 'Koneia IV', 31 Aug.1957
26. 'Koneia V', 2 Sept. 1957
27. 'Koneia VI', 2 Sept. 1957
28. 'Epaphras story, Koni:nka Tjukur of N'kotarinja, Aranda Tribe', 3 Sept. 1957
29. 'Epaphras story, Reel II', 3 Sept. 1957
30. 'Epaphras story, Reel III', 3 Sept. 1957
31. 'Epaphras story, Aranda, Reel IV', 3 Sept. 1957
32. 'Pitjandjara song of the Kalaia (emu) by Jubai, Reel I', 5 Sept. 1957
33. 'Pitjandjara song of the Kalaia (emu) by Jubai, Reel II', 5 Sept. 1957
34. 'Temporary [working] copy of Jubai, Pitjandjara, Kalaia tjukur'
35. 'Pintubi Ilpindja or love songs'; 'Aranda Mission songs'
36. 'Koŋka tjukurupa I, Pintubi Tribe', 5 Sept. 1957. Contains Tindale's note: 'this reel may be played to general audience'
37. 'Koŋka tjukur II', 5 Sept. 1957
    

Tindale Tribes: Aranda; Kukatja (NT); Pintubi; Pitjandjara.

Mornington Island (Qld) Series 1960

This items consists of magnetic tape recordings of Lardiil songs and narratives made by Norman B. Tindale in 1960 during the Board for Anthropological Research expedition to Bentinck and Mornington Islands in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria region of Queensland. Tindale travelled to Bentinck and Mornington Islands with Peter Aitken, a museum scientist, and spent two months undertaking medical, ethnological and other natural history research. This expedition was the first of two to the region in the 1960s: the second took place in 1963 (for details see Tindale's field journal: 'Journal of Visit to the Gulf of Carpentaria by Norman B Tindale. 1963', AA 338/1/25 ).

The contents descriptions given below were taken from Tindale's handwritten annotations on the tape boxes, and are therefore brief. Fuller details of the recordings are found in the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register (relevant 'AS' reference numbers are listed below) and in the pages of Tindale's expedition field journal: 'Visit to Bentinck and Mornington Islands, Queensland by Norman B. Tindale. 1960' (AA 338/1/23; especially pages 37-45; 271-273; 299-301; 321-329).

The Mornington Island series includes the following magnetic tapes:
AA 338/11/17/

1. Reel 1: 'Lardiil songs of mourning', 7 May 1960 [AS 470-473]
2. Reel 2: 'Songs by Jacko', Lardiil tribe, 21 May 1960 [AS 484-489]
3. Reel 3: 'Story of Toato and Bultuku', 27 May 1960 [AS 489.1-489.2]
4. Reel 4: 'Continuation of songs of Toato series', 30 May 1960 [AS 489.2]; 'Hunting song from Sydney Island' [AS 489.3]
5. Reel 5: 'Songs and story of the Seven Sisters star Kurinja, Lardiil Tribe', 2 June 1960 [AS 490]; 'Mosquito song' [AS 491]
6. Reel 7: 'Toato or Rainbow Dance', 4 June 1960
7. Reel 8: '2nd part of general songs & background of Toato dance', 4 June 1960 [AS 491.1]
   

Reel 6 has been missing since at least 1974, according to a note left with the tapes by Tindale.

Note that some songs have accompaying explanations in English and that a series of initiation songs not recorded on tape are found transcribed in Tindale's field journal at pages 327-329 (AA 338/1/23).

Tindale Tribes: Lardiil.

Bentinck Island (Qld) Series 1960

This items consists of magnetic tape recordings of songs, narratives, conversations and interviews about historical events in the Kaiadilt, Lardiil and English languages. They were made by Norman B. Tindale in 1960 during the Board for Anthropological Research expedition to Bentinck and Mornington Islands in the southern Gulf of Carpentaria region of Queensland. Tindale travelled to Bentinck and Mornington Islands with Peter Aitken, a museum scientist, and spent two months undertaking medical, ethnological and other natural history research. This expedition was the first of two to the region in the 1960s: the second took place in 1963 (for details see Tindale's field journal: 'Journal of Visit to the Gulf of Carpentaria by Norman B Tindale. 1963', AA 338/1/25 ).

The contents descriptions given below were taken from Tindale's handwritten annotations on the tape boxes, and are therefore brief. Fuller details of the recordings are found in the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register (relevant 'AS' reference numbers are listed below) and in the pages of Tindale's expedition field journal: 'Visit to Bentinck and Mornington Islands, Queensland by Norman B. Tindale. 1960' (AA 338/1/23; especially pages pp. 93-99; 165-169; 247; 303; 351-357).

The Bentinck Island series includes the following magnetic tapes:
AA 338/11/18/

1. Reel 1: 'Dugong song I' [AS 475]; 'Song of hook spear II' [AS 476]; 'Turtle song' [AS 477]; 9-10 May 1960
2. Reel 2: Dugong song & turtle songs [AS 478]; 'chant to make a sick man well' [AS 479]; 'stone fish song' [AS 480]; 'circumcision song' [AS 481]; 'song about two brothers' [AS 482]; 'turtle song' [AS 483]
3. Reel 3: 'an invocation to the new moon' [AS 483.1 & 483.2]; conversations about the island of Baltae [AS 483.3], 27 May 1960
4. Reel 4: 'Conversation between Mick Charles of Forsyth Island who speaks first and Jack Tarurukiŋati about killings on Bentinck I.' [AS 483.4]
5. Reel 5: 'Conversation continued between Mick Charles & Jack Tarurukiŋati about killings on Bentinck I.' [AS 483.4]
6. Reel 6: 'Raft disaster of 1947: Venus questioned by Gully; Dolcie, Dougal's wife's version of the disaster; Sarah's version of the disaster' [AS 483.5], 3 June 1960
7. Reel 7: 'Venus and Sarah sing the song of their late husband Doŋkore:iŋati [AS 495]; Percy sings the song of his father Tondorŋati [AS 496]; Susie sings the song of her father Minekuriŋati' [AS 497], 8 June 1960
8. Reel 8: 'Percy Bentinck and Gully discuss Katjuruko, a being of Bentinck Island [AS 498]; Molly tells of another story from the western end of Bentinck Island' [AS 499], 8 June 1960
   

Note that occassionally Tindale recorded a spoken version of a song and that English explanations are sometimes provided.

Tindale Tribes: Kaiadilt; Lardiil.

John Reese interview 1960

This item consists of a magnetic tape recording of an interview recorded 20 September 1960 at Tindale's home 'Kurlge' in Blackwood (SA). According to Tindale's 'Kurlge' journal (AA 338/1/48/1, p.277), 'John Reese fb. Woŋkaŋuru man of 55 years, son of Ngaltjagintaka whom I worked with at Pandi pandi on the Diamantina [River] in Aug. 1934 [came] home for the evening. I recorded a tape of his impressions of his people, and a few words of vocabulary'.
Annotations on the tape box include the following details: 'Njanpika fb. (John Reese) Woŋkaŋuru Tribe; an interview 20 Sept 1960. Son of an Aranda, he was born in 1905 at Kunuka on the Georgina River and was reared among the Woŋkaŋuru and by Mr L. Reese of Mirenda Station'.
Tindale Tribes: Wongkanguru.

Excavation of rock shelter at Noola (NSW) 1961

This item consists of three magnetic tapes that constitute a 'running journal' or log of the archaeological excavations conducted by Norman B. Tindale and others at the Noola Rock Shelter (near Rylstone, New South Wales). Tindale published a preliminary report on the excavations in the Records of the South Australian Museum, 1961, Vol. 14(1), pp. 193-196.

The Noola tapes include:

1. Record of the excavation of rock shelter at Noola, NSW, 23-24 May 61 (reel 1 of 3)
2. Record of the excavation of rock shelter at Noola, NSW, 25-26 May 61 (reel 2 of 3)
3. Record of the excavation of rock shelter at Noola, NSW, 27 May 1961 (reel 3 of 3)
   

Palm Island (Qld) 1963

This item consists of magnetic tapes recorded by Norman B.Tindale during a short visit to Palm Island during 22-25 July 1963. The visit came at the end of a longer field trip to the Gulf of Carpentarian region.

The tapes contain materials in both Aboriginal languages and English, and include interviews and discussions, songs, vocabularies, and narratives.

The contents descriptions given below were taken from Tindale's handwritten annotations on the tape boxes, and are therefore brief. Fuller details of the recordings are found in the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register (relevant 'AS' reference numbers are listed below) and in pages 557-577 of Tindale's expedition field journal: 'Journal of Visit to the Gulf of Carpentaria by Norman B Tindale. 1963', AA 338/1/25.

Tindale's Palm Island 1963 recordings include the following:
AA 338/11/21/

1. 'Idindji conversation & discussion with [Nelson Beiŋo] including statements about the Djirubal between Ravenshoe and Murray River. Matjandji. Innisfail people or Ma:mu. George is deaf and aged; he talks with Beiŋo about a big fight with spears nulla nullas shields and swords (pak:ur) and 'hot wira spears' near Edmonton. Nelson Beiŋo and George Gordonvale of area near Gordonvale, Palm I. 22 July 1963'
2. 'Tree felling song by Maribi (Tommy) of Keramai tribe, Cardwell [AS 632]; songs by Mitchell Dodd (nn Mukudikarumu) of the Wakaman Tribe, Chillagoe Qu., Emu song [AS 633], Devil or balki balki song [..] [AS 634]; Sleeping boy and Kitja the Morning Star' song [AS 635], recorded 23 July 1963
3. 'Discussion between Maribi (Tommy) of Keramai tribe and Tjamera (Joe Lee) of Keramai tribe [AS 629]; Maribi's songs in Keramai language: 1. Carpet snake song [AS 630], 2. Thunderstorm song [AS 631], 3. Song about two women [AS 631.1] May be same as [AS] 631; 4. Native dance song', recorded 23 July 1963
4. 'Joe Lee Tjameia of the Keramai tribe describes his capture by whites at Tully when about 8 years of age' [AS 628]; Harry Gordonvale nn ŋeimbi of Idindji talks of olden days in the Idindji tongue (tape made on defective machine)', recorded 23 July 1963
5. 'Harry Gordonvale of Idindji: song about I:kan, the sky [AS 636]; song about a crocodile [AS 637]; ŋidja (George Watson) of Jordan Creek Tunkubara horde of the Ma:mu, 1. Love song, 2. Ghost song [AS 638 & 639]; Maruga dance of Mamu by ŋidja a ghost song, vocabulary of Ma:mu by ŋidja of Jordan Creek; he speaks the 'light Ma:mu' of the Tunkubara horde [..] [AS 640]', recorded 24 July 1963
6. 'Vocabulary of Ma:mu: continuation of vocabulary of the Ma:mu tribe of Jordan Creek, Qu.[..] [AS 640]; Buran love song by ŋidja of Jordan Creek N.Qu.[..] [AS 641], Songs of Djiru: tribe, [by] Pompey Clump Point nn. Ma:t Djubaru. Kukulu song of Djiru tribe [AS 642], words of the song and an explanation in English', recorded 24 July 1963
7. 'Djiru: tribe of vicinity of Clump Point, Qu. Pompey Clump Point and associates. Continuation Ma:t Djubaru sings a gamar (dancing) song of the Irubaru Koija (travelling shoal of mullet) 1st recording disturbed by gust of wind, second noisy [AS 643], Explanation some English phrases & the name Palm Island appear in the Djiru: explanation, Djiru: vocabulary by Ma:t Djubaru [..]', 24 July 1963
8. 'Ma:mu story of he first child, by ŋidja (George Watson) of the Tunkubara horde of Ma:mu tribe [..] [AS 645]' expanation in English and Ma:mu, recorded 24 July 1963
9. 'Ma:mu story of he first baby (continued). Discussion on its content by ŋidja (George Watson) F1 Ma:mu [AS 645]; Song by Joe Garbutt (Jaŋe:ra) of Djirubal tribe at Herberton. Kamar dancing song of the djaro:gan or scrub hen [AS 646]; ŋidja sings song in Ma:mu language, a dancing song about small mangrove crab derived from the Djiru: tribe. No discussion' [AS 647], recorded 24 July 1963.
   

Tindale Tribes: Idindji; Madjandji; Mamu; Djirubal; Keramai; Wakaman; Djiru.

Gulf of Carpentaria Expedition 1963

This items consists of magnetic tape recordings of songs, music, narratives, vocabularies, conversations and interviews in a number of Aboriginal languages of the Gulf of Carpentaria region of Queensland and English.

In 1963 Tindale travelled to the Gulf of Carpentaria with Peter Aitken, a museum scientist, to continue medical, ethnological and other natural history research conducted in 1960 during a Board for Anthropological Research expedition to Bentinck and Mornington Islands (see AA 338/1/23 'Visit to Bentinck and Mornington Islands, Queensland by Norman B. Tindale. 1960'].

Gulf locations visited include: Normanton, Mornington Island, Bentinck Island and Doomadgee.

The contents descriptions given below are taken from Tindale's handwritten annotations on the tape boxes, and are therefore brief. Fuller details of the recordings are found in the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register (relevant 'AS' reference numbers are listed below) and in the pages of Tindale's expedition field journal: 'Journal of Visit to the Gulf of Carpentaria by Norman B Tindale. 1963' [AA 338/1/25]. Note that in some cases, where Tindale's tape box annotations are not heplful, details from the S. A. Museum Speech and Sound Collections register have been added in parentheses.

The Gulf of Carpentaria 1963 recordings include:
AA 338/11/22/

1. 'Reel 1a: Normanton, Qld, 8 May 1963'; [Normanton, Qu. Vocabulary of the Kuritjari language by Rowley Gilbert (vocab no.149) 8 May 1963; Percy Koreruŋati kinship terms of the Kai[a]dilt, 13 May 1963]; 1 x 3 inch reel
2. 'Reel 1b': [copy of Reel 1a]
3. 'Reel 2a: Koreruŋati's Song 1 [AS 500]; Song 2 Djoragaraŋati burantant [AS 501]; Tadulkiŋati Song 3 [AS 502]; Song 4 Alec Rokataŋati = Bokanaijarupaŋati Alec [AS 503]; Gully Peters and Jack (disc. abt. Jack's song) [AS 504]; Gully Peter's explanation of Alec's song in English; Molly Morokonobai on [women's?] kinship [AS 505]', recorded 13-14 May 1963; 1 x 5 inch reel
4. 'Reel 2b: Bentinck I. Series [..]', 'Trevally fish song' [AS 506]; 'Dugong song' [AS 507]; 'song 'about a woman'' [AS 508]; 'Molly tells of her marriage' [AS 508.1]; 'Molly & Phoebe - [discussion of] quarrel over children' [AS 508.2]; 'Molly & Phoebe - relationship terms' [AS 508.3]; 'Gully, Darwin & Percy [discussions]' [AS 509]; ends 16 May 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
5. Reel 3:'Bentinck I. men talk about verbs [..]' [AS 509.1]; [Percy] Koŋaruŋati sings a song [AS 509.2]; [discussion about] Njinjilki as camping place [AS 509.3]; ends with Native of Jaŋga:l story by Barney [AS 510]', 25 May 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
6. Reel 4: 'Barney on Jangga:l story [AS 510]; [Black stone corobori, AS 511]; Mornington I Lardiil circ[umcision] songs [AS 512-521]; [Dog song, AS 522-523, song of the tjanbe [..] Buralaŋgi men, AS 524; untitled song, AS 525, song to conclude 'Shake leg' dance, AS 526-527], 25 May 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
7. Reel 5: 'Circumcision Lardiil with dugong cutting interpolated [AS 528-531]; Lardiil Gully Peter's song of visit to Thursday Island [song about a boat on the big blue sea] [AS 531.1]; dugong cutting up [AS 531.2]', 25-30 May 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
8. Reel 6: 'dugong cutting up' [AS 531.2]; lullaby - Pat [AS 533]; lullaby - Jenny [AS 534]; Darwin['s] story of walk [AS 532]; Pat, Jack & Maurice - discussion on [the Being] Katjuruku [AS 534.1], 31 May 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
9. Reel 7: 'mock circumcision ceremony [AS 535]; Maurice - description of trip to Baltae [AS 536]', 1-2 June 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
10. Reel 8: 'Maurice's story of 1 June 63 trip to Baltae as recorded 3 June 63 [AS 536]; [account of] Gully's trip to Wambuli as told by Pat & by Jenny & by Gully [AS 537]; Darwin's kill of a dugong at Kalturi, 2 June 63, described by him, then by Roger in English & finally by Arthur in Bentinck I language [AS 538]; Pat - lullaby song [AS 538.1]; Barindindi [story] [AS 539], ends with Jack Taduki's story of fight', 1-3 June 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
11. Reel 9: 'Continuation of Barindindi story [AS 539]; account of day's happenings - Pat, Jack, Darwin, May, Roger [AS 540]; Song - Jack - initiation [AS 541], Song - Darwin - to help a sick person [AS 542]; Story of big flood [on Bentinck Island] - Jack [AS 543]', 3-5 June 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
12. Reel 10: 'Continuation of story of big flood Njinjilki, 5 June 1963 [AS 543]; Gully - flood on Forsyth I. [AS 544]; Mornington Island, 28 June 1963, Percy - song about new moon [AS 599]; Jack - cry to new moon [AS 598]; Old William - Mariwu making [AS 600]'; 1 x 3 inch reel
13. Reel 11: 'Story of day's walk [AS 546]; Totemic place on claypan - Gully Peters and Percy ; Alec's version of above; shouted advice to fisherman [AS 547]; Paul - story of ancient tidal flood on Bentinck Island [AS 548]'; 9 June 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
14. Reel 12: 'Alec's speech of 9 June 63 on proposed visit to Markaruki (to demonstrate future tense); Alec - explanation of proposed journey of 10th June' [AS 549]; 1 x 3 inch reel
15. Reel 13: 'Story of visit to the avoided place Wamakurt with discussion [AS 549]; Gully Peters describes Alec's account; Venus Kerakera wabaja ŋati tells what she knows; Gully explains Venus' story; Percy's recollections of what he was told about dangers of visiting Wamakurt; Gully describes and mentions Katjuruku'; 10 June 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
16. Reel 14: 'Cutting up of a turtle using nara knives [..] commentator's voice is P. Aitken' [AS 550]; 11 June 1963 at Rokoti, northern end of Bentinck I; 1 x 3 inch reel
17. Reel 15: 'Venus' account of dog and Berumoi water, followed by general discussion [549]; Ngao or dog legend [AS 551]; Story of man who lived at Minakuri; Statement about proposed visit to Koŋara; account of visit to Koŋara [by Tindale with 3 people] [AS 552]'; 11-12 June 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
18. Reel 16: 'Continuation of turtle cutting (Peter Aitken commentator) [550]; Lardiil hunting songs'; 11 & 27 June 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
19. Copy of 'Reel 16'; 1 x 5 inch reel
20. Reel 17: 'Song by Dougal [AS 553]; Turtle song - Percy [AS 554]; Dugong cutting up [AS 555]; Venus sings near end of tape; 12-13 June 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
21. Reel 18: 'Walpu (raft) song by Percy Koreruŋati [AS 556]; tape is defective after 1/3rd, rest not used'; 1 x 3 inch reel
22. Reel 19: 'Cont[inuation] of Gully's story of first plane flight [AS 564]; song descr[ibing] events of dugong hunt [AS 557]; Venus - song about a snake [AS 558]; Dawn and Alison - events of day' [AS 559]; Phoebe and Thelma - day's events [AS 560]; Phoebe - planned bird hunt [AS 561]; Dougal - [planned bird hunt] [AS 562]; Percy - fears of plane [AS 563]; Gully - beginning of story of first plane flight [AS 564]'. Contains the additional note by Tindale: 'defective & sticky tape, caution when playing' c14 June; 1 x 3 inch reel
23. Reel 20: 'Quarrel between two women about firewood [AS 567]; discussion between women about report [AS 568]; Venus, Rhea and Phoebe - description of journey to Dawn['s] dawart [AS 566]; Percy - account of dugong hunt [AS 569]; Cutting up of dugong (17th June), recorded over words of malu malu hunt [..] [AS 565]; Mandy - places where birds are found [AS 565.1]; Percy - description of hat used in circumcision ceremony [AS 565.2]'; 16-17 June 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
24. Reel 21: 'Fred - story of visit to Toato (Rainbow) and Boltoko place on Dugong River [AS 571]; Old William - story of great tidal flood [AS 572]; Big Barney - great tidal flood [AS 573]; Gammon - great tidal flood [AS 574]; Jenny and Jack Tadulkiŋati - story of trip to B. I. [AS 575]; general discussion by women [AS 576]; Gully - Toato and Boltoko story [AS 577]'; 23-26 June 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
25. Reel 22: 'Gully - continuation of Toato and Boltoko story [AS 577]; Gully & Alec - story of Berumoi ŋao [AS 578]; Alec - father's name [AS 579]; Darwin - song about his country [AS 579]; Percy - Malu Malu song [AS 580]; Dougal - account of bird raid [AS 581]; Alec - account of trip to Wamakurt [AS 582]'; 26 June 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
26. Reel 23: 'Continuation of Alec's story of trip to Wamakurt - English translation [AS 582]; discussion about Pleiades and songs [AS 583]; Halley's comet song [AS 584]', 26 June 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
27. Reel 24: 'Continuation of hunting songs [AS 613]; Joe Weipa - Emu song [AS 614]; Joe - vocabulary [AS 614.1]'; 28 June 1963; 1 x 3 inch reel
28. Reel 25: 'Joe Weipa - continuation of vocab [AS 614.1]; Waterspout songs [AS 615, 616, 617]; Waŋga dance songs [AS 618, 619, 620]; Lindsay - ex